For example, a compound with two carboxyl groups would use the secondary suffix “-dioic acid.” Shown below is a table listing the multiplying affixes used by the IUPAC system of nomenclature for repeated functional groups in an organic compound. If the principal characteristic group appears more than once in the compound, then you will need to alter the secondary suffix by adding the appropriate multiplying affix (“di,-” “tri-,” “tetra-,” etc.). Furthermore, this list is not comprehensive but does include the most commonly encountered functional groups that require a secondary suffix (if designated as the highest priority). It is important to note that the presence of alkenes, alkynes, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or halogens in an organic compound does not result in the use of a secondary suffix therefore, the list above does not include these functional groups. oyl halide (-oyl fluoride, -oyl chloride, -oyl bromide, -oyl iodide) The chart below lists functional groups in order from highest to lowest priority and includes their secondary suffix as well. Completing this step will allow you to determine the compound’s secondary suffix (if applicable). The first step is to determine the principal characteristic group (i.e., the highest priority functional group) contained in the compound of interest. Step 1: Determine the Principal Characteristic Group However, the process becomes much easier if you just follow these 8 key steps. Naming an unfamiliar organic compound using the IUPAC system can be quite difficult. A locant may be used before prefixes, primary suffixes, and secondary suffixes in a compound’s IUPAC name. In addition, many organic compounds contain locants, which are numbers that identify the location of functional groups on the parent chain. All organic compounds contain a primary suffix however, not all compounds contain a secondary suffix. The secondary suffix, on the other hand, represents a compound’s principal characteristic group. The primary suffix indicates the degree of saturation (based on the presence or absence of a multiple bond). Suffix: The end of the name can include both primary and secondary suffixes.Prefix: A prefix appears before the root word and denotes substituents (i.e., functional groups or atoms other than hydrogen) attached to the parent chain.Root Word: The root word indicates the number of carbon atoms present in a compound’s parent chain.The name of any organic compound consists of three essential parts: the root word, prefix, and suffix. The goal of the system is to provide each organic compound with a unique and unambiguous name based on its chemical formula and structure. The IUPAC system of nomenclature is a universally-recognized method for naming organic chemical compounds. What Are Hydrocarbons? Formulas & Examples.This includes an introduction to the IUPAC system of nomenclature, the steps to follow when naming an organic compound, and some practice examples. In this tutorial, you will learn all about the IUPAC naming of organic compounds.
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